ס̻ȫ  ǧǧǧѰ 




ϲ 



ǰӶôѽյҵϣǴŻķҷż꼾ҲµҳҿĵĽĿӾ㶼зζҴûЩҸԴȥ 
ңĽϷУϾ֮Դ˵ʹŴ󻧣ҵĸƾʵļҵ׺֪ƷӮ˽һǧСżɡ 
ԺãһֻĸһλˣδΪһʱ̸ѻ 
Ψһв˶ֻ̫һ硣ҺҲǸж 
ȻƢãҲһ㣬Сū澵ţүȻǲģοи񻹷ȴĸףҵòȻ޿޵ľ¶ˣдᡣÿγ֣ԺĴСͷƹﶼ˿ĸңڵлΡ 
ͷ߹ʵѶԱµḶ́һʹѺȺȻƣȻ󡣡 
ȳ²յܴ͵Ĵ̼ŸϾĿһǵСӵůȻҴӲ飬ǰĹε鴿顣 
֪ҵĹŸȻĮ;顣ҵӲҪףһҪòҿɲίԼ룬Щġ 
һ죬ɵ˾ͷ 
Ӧ˵ĶϮǽһˣϯҵȫңȫǣȫ֮޲ĿݺꡣѪ޽У쳾ֹ 
˭֪ԶǸ󽫾Ӷ˱вĽ󣬽ħצ̰⽭ϵһ硣 
ǵľǸڣޱʴȵϣ⸳˰ۡмԨѧͷŵʿ硣һսҷǿʳʱһ֮ 
Ƿ˽鱦Ůȴ޷ù 
ϰٰΣѡ˾Ͷ˶ԷӸҵΪǡ 
ԷĽȻԸĵ˵ͷôԶ϶ʿǶЩƣͲǼ°һѪҲֵõġ 
ǣеİ취ǵľӿѲһܣҪԼԸ˳λʵ۵ģТġзߣɱۣ 
Ц򽵶Ҫ˵ıϥ۵ء 
սʱʤΪΪܡ˵Ѫѧ˲Ƶ 



ǿǵĵҲ֪ 
Ļƻ˳ţǰﱱĵšӵľֱ롣 
ǰҹЪ˴Ƹ󡣣һҵľѺ顣һֻ񳯵ӵܣˡ 
һƷˣҲϵ˶ǵĲѰʱˮ·½·ڷԸĸ״һЩĽϸڼල˲ݲھһµҶҤȫȴűһ̻̲æµʱûоܽǸ£ݳ޵Ķӡ 
ĸ׸ڳѧ̩ĺ蹫顣 
û˵ʱĺ蹫Ҹڵ᷿۵ĺơ˪ꡣ 
ҵĺαƣߵŮҵڴ 
Ҳ͵۾ĺҵͷ 
װĴҰӡĿӹңֱֱĶꡣ 
㣬ͷưɣȥźǼӣ 
еѡ 
ȵȡҴһӴѡ 
ʲôи󵽰ɡ꣬Ը뿪ô٬ķбۿǸӡ 
ٷϻ㳤һ˵ܼӵģҲŮˣüͷץϸ첲ɷ˵Ľľ˷ 
̫ˣƽܱΪ֮ʱͳ˹ȥסǵȥ· 
ôˣӶôĢôˣԶǴδĴ׺š 
λ˹ 
곤һȻüޣ絶̰ͬʱϢ 
Ǹģȴ۷һüĿôҲǸӡղǾ仰ǳ죬濴ͬǻӣȴҰš 
ô˵Ҳͷƣʱ͹һ˴ֺ֣ҵߡ 
Ȼʼ磬ЦЦĶλ곤꣬Ͼǲмأ˶һģȴټѾ͸ˣķƸĹﶼôǡ˵˹ģ 
ּâ¶ 
ϵڣҪ֪ʱǰ˵ͷһ˱ᣬϧĻ˵˿ڣҲ޷ջء 
˫ĵ۾ȼǵĻ棬Ȥ񼯾˶ҵȤڽӡ 
ǸŮܰɡҾλӺ˼Ҫ̸̸ͻȻЦˣҾú䡣 
Ǿллˣ:( :( :(⽭ϵŮ˾ǹĹɧġһתͱǿƵ˷䡣 
ɫɫЦţԹҵ塣ļ˺֡Ƹʱ 
ӵʿͣפ¥¡΢΢һͿԿǺѹѹȺôˣǵĶôˣ 
Ԥӿͷ 
ǣһǽ۹ͣϡǴߴ׳ҿ 
ҪǸŮʮꡣ겻ЪĿ޺ҵе㲻̡ 
ŻںϲЦ 
ǸɾļŮһˡޣ䣬ҾͻȭȥһɲҶ죬һΪһƼˮ̻ŮӶ֡Ѿʼǵˡޣǿ°ǵĶħ 
ұ׵ķ⵽ϣҵȻ֪ҾĶ֣һվҵΪǵĹȼա 
ֻìָңҲܶ 
ˡλܾˣһ׵ĽȭǸ 
ӣԣĹӣ 
ĬĬš۾ǳȻĿĲ 
ʲô 
ûǶ㻰أ 


תۿûпڣıȻ 
ǳеһĶ繫ӡԱ˱ҵͷÿǸɵɵĺ飬ΪǸһļסԷ 
Ӻһʾ⵶ǹ¡ 
֡ 
ûԥԼվϵĻҳʲôν˾һҴûо¹ܼ򵥣ݳ޺ͿһСҶûгԹʹࡣǲ֪Ŀɹ 
Ĳüͷ 
ҿЦˣ֪ҶеѲЦȻЦ 
ҲǿģҪ˾岻ѵģƽʾͷȵĻëǡ 
ʱ䣬ҿвͬѰĹâһż 
ҵʱԱס 
ߡ 





ұȵĸߡʱʱ岽֮ң 
ĻǶʮֵľ䣬ĸ˶ҵһһҾúЦôһ̿Ͱɡ 


ҿǵĻϣǰ塣ʾĵԳƴεĳӡҾñ 
¹ӣӼλʱˣǳ񰴸ĹƷϸ¼Сһ΢΢ǳܲҳǵҲǴ쳯񣬶ĳķ¶ԲԼҪ˺޹ֿУ¡ 
Įţ߰ͷбʿɧӣ޶˺񡣷ֳɸСӣҸȡΥ߾ã 
ǣȻӶῪʼˡÿÿĴŴ򿪣һ鱦񲯱˳˺͸Ů͵͵Ŀ˷ 
ŹƷϸ¼ȻĿ˿ңּңĺŴѽһǲ̫˵㡣 
ԵġҳĳǻæӦš 
ǣһΥʿǿһŮ 
ȥʮûгɣ˷ѡЧߣ̼ӱ 
ʿŶȥ 
עǼĲ棬ԶѪǣͻȻޱȵͣҳ˵Ľ¾Ͳнյˡ 
ͷ˿ңоһ˿ϬĻ⣬߻һ΢ 
ҵͷе㷢̡ 



ƻʱ֣һȺ˽Ҽҡ 
׺ĸ׹һߣŴеֻͰ衣 
£ϵ̣Ǹһѽ̾ 
ɿ佱׵ 
ߵߣ¡ 
վ˳ùϵҼͷ˹ 
ʹҧû£ֹ̦ͣˣ˸׵ļҷ̾ߡ 
˼ңǺοࡣ 
ϵĶϷĲФϷѵŭҲ֪ʲôԡƸǰ֮ͽõ´ҡ 
ĶӾҪߵĶװ׵Ļȫ˾ա 
ĬƬ̣תңԸȥεūͣ 
һվһ̣ҵȫصǦһ㡣 
վߡ 
׵ĲҰס޷Ƶݺᡣ 
ּûĶӣӽ㲻֣Ȼת·ٿһҲûּҵ׼ҷ硣 
ǣҸ뿪ҵļҡһ̤ŵʱҵĳʹѣҲģȻˡֳǵʹ޷ơ 
ϣЪҳΪӲûĹСҾ˴ϣеĹ¼ԶԶʹϵ̦ˡ 
ſˡ 
˽ವ 
ҹɫУŶԷ 
ΪʲôЦˣҿ͸Ķ 
ÿҵ£Ҷʱŵ޷Ϊȵı޺Ĩҩ࣬ġȵҲ˼֡ 
ͻȻҵļ磬ҵʹˣ֪ǲΪʹ̶ҵǸҵˮҵĴ 
ǵһҵĴһֱΪһ»֮ҹӡ 
ûǿҡԸ⡣ 
Ǹʹŵĺҹ˶סҵ۾Ũصģصеÿһ缡ݣҧഺ壬ϵӡΪǾ˵Ĳ˲䡣 
ΣյϢ𶥵ĿУ˲ʱ伴ԭǵ꣬ûһ˿ԥıɴ 
ںܾǰҾ֪ôһ졣ҹĶ˵Ļһʰ 
ҹѵĿ˯ӣѵĸҴʹϣȫףҲҵס 
۾ȹҵĳҹ 
һʱҲߵ۾ 
ЦЦҪš 
ЦˣȽȽ⣬ 
Ե۹УҿĪĳ㡣 
ҵĲɵÿյǷֱӴԽҵ壬Ʈ֪Զ 
Цݣתʼѡ 
ңһҪһСǰøã֡ͳסҵļͷ 
Ҫ㣡׿Ѻұļᶨ 
ЩЦЦʲôû˵ֻ§סңůģġ 
ҽľٶĬϡ 




׿˶ǵĹƷ׼뿪 
ѫ洺ɫĳˡ 
磬⽭ϵŮ˻ζѽôҪ뿪 
ˣѡŮ˻꾩ͳˡ׿Ը 
ллȫѫӢϲЦݣȻޱңҲΪѡɫˣʸͨ⡣ 
׿ĵ˵ͷ 
ֵǣһоûУҵȻ֪Ϊӣ檳Ⱥϼʲôϵ 
ǣҪһ꾩𣿡ѫָָңʵ 
׿ͷӽҵ 
ҵķ溦˵֮ͯĴǣҵҷȥȥأ 
Żĺ󡣡ѫ΢΢ЦͻȻ˵˾ûͷβĻ 
׿ףĵҵ۾ 
ͻȻÿ־壬־ĪûʲôҶ룬ʱһһʹꡣ 






ҿ꾩ͳһɽĶǡҲûнϵ컺ƺͿĽֵȴһ֮ľۡ 
Ư𣿡ѫҲУһκ˵ 
ƯΰҾ׼ȷı 
Ц˼ǸмغػˣҲһܱˡ 
ΪҵĹҺˣ 
ѵ𣿡 
Ȼǣϣòֻ뿪ѡƵ˵ 
ңܻĥ˵˼ϣףҶͨˣףߵ³ͨܲҡڲ֮صֻռݵλˡ 
΢Цͷ£Ϊ𣿡 
ô֪顣ҪҲ㣬ЦҶԡ˵껰޳ȥ 
Ź̳ҽһ˵Ĵڡ


в 
׿糾͵Ļص꾩󣬽ΪƷʱİǰ˵۹⵹ûʲô졣˽ϴһҲȥҲ޿ɺǵġȻҪԭ׿ǵ̫ˡεĽɽһ붼ǶӴµģȥַǻϸصĺһĻᡣҵ۾ͨأ˭й˵л 


סڳУ׿鷿ǳĽÿҹԿ鷿е͵ϨҾĵȴţǣûҡ 
̫ӵĲϣҿ 
ҲǻӵĴŴ磬ֻǿȥģʮߵĹ⾰Ĭ롣һֱʹͷпȥó衣 
׿̳ʱһۡôһŻУֻһۡһ˸оĿ֪ӽϻæҪõӶûмһ档ʥļϣ̲סһۡ 
˺Ϭһ㣬Ҳ̧ͷӯӯһЦҿ棬۵㣬ǳǳľѡһκ˶ƽϢŭ 
Ŀڲһʹ󱻷Ľһӣûио˲ˣѪ 
ǰԤкѾ顣ĺ󡣡ЦҶԡѫĻָڶߡ 
һҲѽɰļֱˣµ滨 
һ澵ӡ 


Ҿĥ׽˷䡣 
һ΢ЦѣʶĽͭˤ˵ϣΡҴʱһ 
ԭҵЦҲµ滨 



̫ӵȥԬ˵װʲôûп 
ת 
𣿡ʵ 
Żѽһһɻ 
𡣡ЦЦ 
ѽЦͦġ˵ҲЦˡ 
ҵı鰵 


ǰ˸Ⱥ̫ӵ޹ʱѫҴҵ߹ 
Ż£̫˵ԵƬ̣˵ءŵĹ 
ѫվһߣĿһۣҾе졣 
ҵĶʱŭ 
֣ˣ̫ڵءöٴοӣա 
Цúÿģڲõ´ҵ۾һͣסˣܿƿȥģģĸо֪˶ԷĴڡ 
ȥˡ 




޿״ķŭĵսȭͷ 
㱻ﱱӸˣˣ 
Ҳ֪Լ˶ã̫ǰ˸ľľȻĸ˽ȥ 
ҿն޷һЩǿ̫Ʋȶ֮Ĵǡ 
һĺʹҴӻ㱵״̬ѡ 
̧ͷŷֶټ̫鷿ֻʣҺ͵̫ˡ 
ת׼ȥ׿סҡ 
ôˣôĲɵģüͷЩĿҡҲҵĻش 
ִҵļ绬ҵһָֻ˼ĬĴ 
Щ죬Һæ૵˵ţٵĿʼŽ⿪ҵ´ 
ĴĴˡɫһʡ 
ӥ΢΢һֻͼܵӡס˷š 
ҪЩˣû£һ㣬·ˡ˵ţ͵Ľ⿪Լڡ 
ҵѪһӿͷƽ衣ղűŪ˵ԲûգҲûȤ 
Ǿ󵨷Ļ 
Цһϵһֻɱ 
Ȼ治ɫõĶ 
ͻȻиµ뷨ҵԴûκοǣѿڶ㱻˭˻𣬾˭ȥ 
䣬ɫͱˣ󱻽ʵʵĲߴһ㣬ŭĸһ⡣ 
˼ס 
ȵҺ˳ǻ䣬˲̲סЦˣȻҸոնԼ˵ԶҪǰ¶ҵЦݡ 
ôˣ˵ˣ̫ӵ¡ɨŭʲôֵȫӣʲô 
йеĳͰİơѾŭ𣬿ʼҴ˺ҵĳ㡣 
ұѹǿ׳¡ 
ҷʾȭŽӣҲвƣҵһ£Ҹеҵȱ¶ڱĿ 
Ҳ뵽ҪӣѾˡ 
ûһ˿ĽҸ塣 
޷סͻȻҵʹץסؿµľżصϥǿʼ¡ỹǲ˻ȵ 
ߣ㲻ǲԸҲˣ׿ıϢҵĲӣʼɶͬʱҧҵľ 
˺Ѱĥҵָżıغÿһײʹľ 
һ籩Ƶļгֹ˶ҵ 
ſҵ 
ҷűߡҵӲשϣҲҵ֪ҵỹûиɡ 
ˣǲܺúõ𣿡׿ɼ󣬱ңƽ㡣 
ҷ˿ϣǿе²˿˼Ӳߣʹҧס´ 
ĺڰʼ٣ɴȲಿѪɼһҵ¿ţѩ׵ļϵĺӡˡӨˮӯ򢣬ϦѤƵɫʡ 
㡣Ư׿΢Ե˵żǸ⡣ 
ҵĺϪˮӹ˴һ㣬һ˿˿һڻʹԼڱ˵غ󣬻ǽסҪԭ 
εĿ촽˼£ȴ 
ҵߣĸƽҷҵķޣҵᣬ۵ǡ 
Ĵʹͱ衣 
ĺŵٴβϢ 
ǵҵľ򡪡ͻȻֹסˡ 
ʹ𣿡͵͵ʵ 
û֨ 
ŴӻóһССҩ 
ǹõĽҩҽҪģҪˡһƿõ廨͡춼ûϡҺס죬ȥҼֱߵҪ굽ضȥˡ 
ҪȥˡҾ侲˵ 
㡣׿˵ţɵĺᱧҡ 
Ҫᱻ˿ġΪѵľܾ 
ûʲôӣƿš 
ҰȵĻ졣 




ķСϣҸ˱ӡ 
£Ѿˡ˵ 
Ȼˡ 
Ϸ»ǿԴġ֧Ĵ£ߣţɻ֯Ůϻ̻ɫ̻ɵúһĸߣȻ䵽ϣֲǲ⻹ǻ⣬һ̣񻰣ϣ̻ԶҪʧ 
ԣһģ΢ЦˣڰŰ 
ѽҵĸ׾Ϧ죬ӵĻҵĸס૵˵֪ۿҷ·𿴼Ϥĺӣ̻һ˫ףڣҺԶ 
Ťͷͷ˺ѷεģģСʱ 
ǳĬ̧ͷʱѾ뿪ˣϷһ龧Өͨ壬Ҽϵҽ߬þõģȡҵ£һ̷ֻСѩ׵¹⡣ 
ҴûôС 




Ժʮ죬붼ҵķ䡣ǣȡãﵽֵĶ壬ȻڴϿ 
һ޽Уģૡȴûʲô죬ǿſекһסһ֣ҵûǸġ 




µʱ԰Ѳ飬£ա 
ιСӡ 
Ҿվı󣬵ȴת 
Ҫ˵ʲô𣿡˵İãģɱ⡣ 
ҽסҪߡ 
ȵȣʱסҡ 
֪̫ӵĹϵһ߶һߵ˵ţҶ 
û֨ 
ǰҲйġǶΪһˣ֪˭𣿡ЦˣҲģҵ￪ʼ䡣 
Ȼ˵ 
ҵļĬе޼ƿʩòϷȥ 
ȥ̫Ӷ޷ƶϵġ¾ܺңῴĶġƵ˵̧ŲȹҵЩֱ壬ЦЦкôġ 
ЦӹͻȻ˴кʹûʶı 
Цʧˣֻ 
һܵ˶̫鷿⣬Ȼûˡ 
ƿţ˽ȥѲڵȻûңǼ׿ҰȻ߳ 
¾ѰšȻһտյСŲУ֨֨Ƶˣһ伫Сİҳˡҿˡ 
һׯŮˣڷƣϼ촽ҡ΢Цµ滨 
һűĻ 
Ȼһſҹ׺ɣõĹûеŮ˲ɷ 
ҳճյĿǲˣʱҵһҴоѡ 
׿ҵϵŭȾ١ 
Ҳ̫󵨷ˣ 
ҿա߹ƿңŻ˸ҾȻѸٵĺϺ˰һء 
ĸ׵ᱻŵġĿ׿ϣ㶼Ҫ鷿ܸˡ 
ûи׿ͳŭ 
ǡԺ󲻿鷿ҷҿίС졣 
ҿԱ֤Ժ󶼲ˣ׿޺޵˵ 
һӦһҿʼЦԭԭҲ棡 
ȥķ䣬ûҵ뿪һ׿Ķ˵ 
סЦݣ䲻мĻؿһۣǣ̫ӵ¡Ȼ뿪 



Ƭ̺׿ƿҵš 
ôˣ̫ɱڣվ˹衣 
£˲衣Ŀң֪ԥ֪ںҡһһܴδõȴеŮ˵꣬Ҹе衣ںһԴף 
Ժûҵҵ鷿ĩˣֻһĻ 
Ȼ˯ҵĴϡûвǣûһ顣ֻȫȻռкͱռУͱ衪ͻأڵңʲôǸڽһ绽ּҴүһ̵ɺɵá 
ҿʼ֪ңȴһζң̶˺ҡĺڰҲֻҹµһˡ 
ȵĺҲͷȻ˯ӢĮ 
ټγֻͷ׽ϵһаӰڱǿ˵¹͵Ǹ߸ϵ̫ӣĹңϲϲˣʱԹǲ 
˴Žߵ˴ǰ֧˴뿴Ͼǧ겻䣬ӣǶͬ΢ЦģȻĸĮĮ 
֪ʲôʱҾҵ壬ʵһ£ɾҺֳܿ˯ȥҾñӿʼů˯Ҳʼ 
ʱѾ˴ϣޱȴǿһˡ 





һĹȥ,ҿʼֽԵ˵¡ƯͿ˲磬ȻӴĿɽùе壬еҹٻΪҾϯоеʢ硣Ⱦʫ˿ͬ 
һһ֮ǰصҵԢʹһľһĺ˯Ҳǻ㱵Ҹ㡣еǣ˵񣬶κƵİ˳ڷѹµõķɺͿ֡ 
룬֪˵ңжôİжôĿİ 



죬߽ѫĹۡʱôʱƽʱе 
ֻϯϵѫ§һɫ൱µŮƣңǳĿģҾ㲻Ŀ˶νЦԿһ˿Ĺ졣 
ϣߵһϯ˸ó˿λҹľ⻹δɢȥе㲻ѡҵĻµ÷ӡ 
ЦЦȥ 
˵㵯һֺ١ѫ 
һٰڵҵǰ 
ˮġ佭ϡҵ¿ⵯþĵý 
ҲĿѫȻ˵ӫӫˮɫҲҾúϤʱļӣʱŮ½ᱡʱϦ޹и۵ġưӡ 
޷ԼͷЩʲô 
ֻѫŮ˼䣬վĲ鲻ԸͰˡʼڵǰ衣 
ޣԼˮ䣬޹ǵϸЩɢڷŮɢ 
еȻֹסҿʼе֪ΪΡ 
ȴûͣ貽ͷףšֱ˶Ϊ֮еѣ̯¡ 
ȵ˵ĽкùվˮŨױ¡¶ׯء 
Ĺ壬һɫѫʼЦŹͬĳıĵǷ 
ҵĻѫۣ٬ 
Ů˹滨ꡣϵߵҵĸǰ 
֪ǽϵˣ֪ͻȻʧˣ壬ץסҵգģץסһݣ ֪ġǵӡ 
Ҳ֪룬ҷ·ʲôصĸһѵӡ 
޵ƴҡҵۡȥ§סʱ׳ʿʱֱȥ 
ǺǣǺǡӡǵĸףȾǡ£ϡţʱʱЦҵĿʼѺۡ 
תͷȥⳡˡ 
ѫΪ־翪ޱȣŻ˸㣬µСܺĹĸǽϵĹϺүϹһ꾩ʮˣһֱûǼһ档ѫζ˵ţҵɫġҵɫһ˵ѿ 
ϯ俪ʼĵЦ 
ʲôҲû˵Ҷ֪ԼЦ뿪ѫĹҵĴϡ 
̵¡ 
ʱΪνİ뿪˼磬ȴ֪ﲢҡҵֻ޾ӡ 
ҶĹȴδĲҡ 



ĵƱȼˣһߴӰƵ͹С 
ôˣ΢ЦĲҵˮ 
ؼҡҵ͵͵˵ؼҡ 
üͷ 
ﲻ𣿡˵ 
ҡҪءҡҶЪ˹ĺ 
ЦʧˣЩյĿҵʧ̬סҵļ硣ҿʼ 
޿̵Ĵһ⣬ҵڴϣջģʼûͷûԵҵ· 
ûз 
ֻǲϵ૵˵ؼҡϡ̻ؼҡ 
ֱݺݵĽ롣 
ʵѾѪˣȴ̲סʹ·ҵ壬͸ҵ࣬Ȼٶ۶۵Ƶ١ 
ҵһбסˣȻҵʧл 
Ǵִ³ķʽҸеĿܣҲżķøӵĴ̼ҶʱѪʼӿҧһڣᡣ 
ϷָҼ⣬뿪ҵ塣 
ˣ͵͵ŭȵ 
һȥһȥֻظţľȻĿŭ 
ҵ°ͣǲܵˣ֪ģزȥˣҡĿҡ 
㲻ҡʧ˵Ϊʲôôң֪㲻ңȴ 
ҵȻ㣬ҵĴ񡣡׿е㲻м 
Ҳĺĸĵܵܣ׿ǸߣҼ̵ĽҿǼ˵ܣһƬѪģ 
죡׿ˣҲסҵĲӡϾúؿʹ࣬ǰڣİ˰ͷҪһĥҪؼҡ 
컹ûпݵҽѣ׿ͻȻɿ֣ҵǰʼָĬĬĿ¹еңҵĲϹһ塣 
컯Ūˣ͵͵˵ţɳƵɤӾЩʣǶȡţȴܵóԸΪһսۺҿϲӿĵһ۾ϲˣȴ칦Ծˣ֪һ᲻һе˵Υ׳İ飬֪ԣԸսὫ˴λӣΪһ֣ʲôûңֻպ塣ҵ׵ܵѽʹĴͷץסұ֣ٴ̧ͷʱ۹רЦһЦЦЦ 
ЦˣĵЦˣΪҵĲֵΪʹࡣ 
ıסңҵǣҵۣؿϵ塣 
Ȼ´ģģġ 
ڴ˹УЦǷЦѾȥ 




죬Ǵ꣬һһȥȻӦĶǵǣûиκεĹҿڻʹлϢ 
Ϊϰߣһÿϴ衣˷رͷ̵úܡ׿ҵĴߣЩҲֹסüΪǽѽˣֳ裬ֱΪϷ 
һûһȴѣûˣһҪͻؼҡ 
׿ɫ˱䣬ˣ˵ЩʲôССķʲôҪһѰ 
Цˣ̲סļԣٵЦˣһЦúޡ 
׿ҵա 
һӴͺջȥˣҰסֲڵ֣š 
ֱҵġƵ˵ܸеϵĺ⡣кü춼ûˣﻹסⷬաƷҵϡ 
ȵ壬ԥ 
ôˣ´ȾϷߵ˫ſǣ̫ҹį 
ٶ׼׿ˮһ㣬˺ҵ£еĲ˽ 
ġʹýĹסȴûжʹӵΨһʽ 
ѽȡ졣ý׿̾ǿŰţÿһζ嵽 
ץסļͷҧţֱҵβСþõĲţŸ߳ĳ졣֪ȵˬ˼㡣 



ʱűˡ 
̫ӵ£㵽ĹۡμᣬλӶȥˣ˵һȥա 
֪ˣ͵׿Ӧʼѥڡ 
Ż˰ɣͱȥˡ׿ǳġķԸ 
Һһȫʹһ˸ķװҲۣȻڣҵȻҪҰȻ˵ 
׿ҵľȻҲ 


Ҹ̫ӵ³ǵƻͨĹʱһӾͿϯλϵϺүҵϣҲһ㶡Ȼ֪Ǻ磬ʲôϷ 
ӲͷƤ˴ϯϣϺүɥ㲵ɫѫһЦ⣬޷еľš 
ȵ׿ߣЦڲõԡ׿ʱǾƲˣ 
Ƶ 
죬ܵգص׼һǳȤĽĿһøλ˽ѵġѫ˵ơ 
ʱһż޵ĹŮű¶ķ£Ƭѩ׵üˣ˿зɧ趯 
ԴƴһձһշպͽŮ¶ġʱɿʻģѵõġĹŹ岻ֵù 
Ƭ̺󣬹ŮǽˣֻʣΨһһͻõָתȵ㣬ԾԽԽˣͻȻϯϷһ 
ЩԻͣŷߵ鶼ʧˣŷ֡ϯϵġϡ 
Ϻүʹĵͷ 
ôˣСܺˣѫʵͣˣϯһƬ͵Ц 
СܺԻˣǵͨ죬޴վ 
㻹ȥϺүŭĺ 
ţѫļֹСܺȥҲұ֤Ͻҹİȫ 
Сܺҧҧ˹ȥѫһ̽ᱡ§סˡЦ 
ȫȻ 
ҺϺүÿ˶ŲмЦݣ׿ն⡣ 
֮ǽµ֮࣬ͽӴҵĿְˡ 
ֵǿĪڿű˻ʹˡ 
Ϻүöã֪ߵεĿʱ޷Ųһ 
ѫĻ̫껹Ӳ飬һ߿Цһ߽󱭵ľˮǿСܺУСܺʱǻʧɫǱ֮ٵޱȣ˵۹ɫҵľۼıѩϡ 
Ҫ£ҪءСܺĵֿţһңֲǾˮˮ 
ձֿʼʱҿյޱȵľ͵ҵϡⷴƬ̵侲 
ȾңѽСܺĽʹҵĶĤһ̣ѾܾСѫǯƣ׳վ޴ӡ 
ҺܽתͷĿңȻ¡ 
ӡ૵˵ 
ӣ̻ߡһصеɳƵʣһ̣Ѹײڶ֮ƿϯ䣬γϵı 
СܺûһԥĿĲûһɵ˱пڣѪʺĿѪŽҵϡ 
ߣţɻ֯Ůþ˵Ȼ󡪡ƽЦˣˡ 
һˣѪڴεĵ֮ϣñκһʿӢ¡ 



еŴӾеһסȾѪĽ˿ҵĲϡ 
򶨵Ŀϯϵףɨˣ񣬻ʹļף򡪡ҿ̫Ӵ˿̵顣 
ѺԼķ䣬סٵȷ䣡׿䵭Ļӻ֣ʾ⽫Ҵȥ 
̫ӡռе˵Щʲô׿ֹˡ 
ܾˣطȥ׿ʹϧļ硣 





ұͻ˷䣬ǷǳĹ˭ó̫ӵƫ̻ 
ˣȴôҲ˯š 
ܾøղŵһĻһϷ̨ϵТңһ󱩷޹иȻֹĿ߻عŻֻһϷѡ 
֨һſˡһžʹ 
ѽȡ졣ý 
ôˣСܺˣ 
Ҫ£Ҫء 
Ⱦңѽ 
ӡ 
ӣ̻ߡ 
ߣţɻ֯Ů 
 
ءͷƴĵֿ˼Ļ䣬ᣬδεʪ½ 
㣬Ǻοࣿ׿ߴҴǰڰֻĺ⡣ 
֣Ƕǣ򣡣ͻȻȥҧ׿Ĳӡ 
׿ûзҵϮȻ˵΢΢ƫƫҧӲļͷ 
ʱò˽ҡ 
̫ӵ¡⣿ 
ûʲô׿ڰ֣Ӣͦüë壬ʼѪһڿҧòᡣ 
ĿߺޣŭңεķԸûҵһѾˡ 
˵꣬ͷҲصȥˡ 
ǽӵ˵ϣ۵һš 
ѵһˡ 
ͽȻŴ־ıס˫ϥԺֻʣһˣҲҶŴԶȥ̫Ӻ˵ҷˡǻٹҵĴʧȥʧȥ 




ҳһֻϵĽ˿񣬹Ժȡ 
ҵĻΧͥԺͥԺ˶ˣտյԺżζһŮÿ˵ɫңҵĸˡİţ˵ҵĽѲһˡ 
죬ˡ 
ˡ 
ɫҲãװ׵ûʲôѪɫ 
˫Цڻѩ۾ﾮһǡ 
þõĿңҸеתط 
˵ˣķ𣿡 
һعͷȥǳǳһЦ˵أ£ 
Ҿֻ֪Ƕһڡĵ˵ﾡǹ 
ҲܻɡҧҧʧѪ촽ϸüɤżֵĿģǡҲҪˡ 
ҲмĺһΪɶԶܡ 
·𿴳ҵ뷨ЦЦû˵ʲô뿪ˡ 
ȻվڿľʱߣʲôƣҸе˲ 
ڶ죬λ֮ͣѫ 
ǿŭ䵭Ŀ֪² 
Ȼ⿪еš 
ԭߵĽЩȣĽ˿ѾλҲΪγµ㽭ɽĿԪѫȣж֮ģͨ͢£γٷϴˣҲҲסսҵˡ󽫾ȼս֮Ҳԥ̵ô˫ա 
̸ף˫پԻ֮ʱ󽫾һĶѵˡõաͻ֮ԣ־⣬Ҫһ׷󡣵ϱͶС飬ȻӦԵ£ݷڡ 
յȻǲģ¹ϵɽ𢣬̫Ӷ޷ŤתǬ䣬˭ûΪεѪһӣβɣ 
ֹʲô£Ұûƣ˵Ŀ⡣ 
Ȼҵ̫ӸǲԸġ͵⡪˵һʱģȥҺʵƵ˶أѫЦˡ 
ҾƵ˼ǡ 
ҲԸԣͿ͡ 
ֻ֪һ˿ҽĿľǲ㲻׵˰Ūѫվ˺ֱߵĲ衣 
˵ĺģĳлˡ˵ 
¡Щ֣ϣڵԭҡѫǰȻǳɫĵ 
˻纮ٴ˺ѿҵģĹš 



ļ죬Ҷ㷲УҲ֪ҺЩʲôʱʹӦգ׿ 
ɣ᲻ңҡ 
ҺȻֹסǿµ뷨 
ѵһ 



ˡ 
һɫͭ㣬ͨڡ 
ҿ˻Ұɫл߽Ҹеҵģһһ³ûоͷԨ 
˵ʲô֪ˡɫ˵ұ壬ҲĿı顣 
㣬ʲôҪ󣿡ſ򶨡 
ȻУҪǽ꾩ѺнʿȫͻؼңϺүҲ֪ԼʱТġ 
ԡ 
У⽭ʮĸ˰ҽ˵ȻҪȻҪüۡ 
ԡ 
һƬĬ 
ʲôҪ󣿡̲סʵ 
ûˡҡҲĿˣ͵͵ģġһҪЩʲô 
㣬룬ؼ𣿡 
ҡҡͷֱ߻Ҳκ˿ҵᣬΪµᣬ֪һˡ 




ڶҹҴ˻ӵķװһ仪Ŀͷ 
λĴ󽫾ҵ˲Щ㶣Цˣ죬ġ 
ҲЦˡ 



ԽѾÿ¿ˡ 
Ҳ֪γǿҵĲͣ˵㣬㣬Сӡ 
Ҳֱ֪ĥҾȻΪĵķйĵҰο 
Ҳ֪ʹûȥΣֻÿζҾƽҽѡ 
Ҳ֪ļǿûһģûһεᡣ 



ڽˣ·ƿš 
Ż̫ӵѽţܵǸֻ̫ˣдᣬû͸ˡ 
뽫ȥһ顣 
ԼѾǩˣҲˣʲôģҪȥˣǡ 
ȥ 
ǿɲܲãѽ 
ȥҵﳯ͢һ٣ 
׿湻ֵѽֵ˯μҡ 
 


һЦ˵ʲôֲʲô 
ڱˣվ롣ҿԸеѪѪۻѪ 
ҽõҩĬȻķԸȻȥˡһǲĿң 




һ˼죬ߵĹŮ˵һֱںӡںĸסİˣûں֡ 


ҼѾ˵ʱˡ 
Ҫ϶ʵ֣Ѿλ׼ˣ֪£һǻҾжŵԡᶨ˵ 
ʲôʱλأʵ 
괺Ҳ＾ 
ǣĵȴҲԶڿҪʵ־µԸˣϲ㡣ЦЦ˵ʼսͷƫ򴲵ڲ࣬Ըһۡ 
ҵļȴûжŭ˭֪û̫һġŬʮĻἱææķλ 
úϢҸұ֤ԺǴˣҲû˻۸ˡͻȻ˵ţסҵ֡ 
ȻĽֳ˻ 
䣬˰ɣҪˡ 
Ħһұ̾һȥˡ 
ŤͷճյĿɿıӰ 
Ҫˡ 




죬ԴѾⶳˡоԴӺϾʮĹ͢ƻᡣ 
ƻ裬ڶ־ͽϰضøɸɾǣ״ǣԴӵʮֻۻϹ۸裬ȭƣδйķ֡ 
Ҫ̫ͬȥΪдοĵһ̻ڡ 
׿ûоܾҽһҪЦŶ˵Ӧóˣһһˡ 




Ҵ˱µŵɫۣǹ˷սϵʽƳɵġ 
һǿϡ 
׿еĿƯĴ磬ҿʵЦգʼû˵ʲôҵ֣һۡ 



ϣŸ裬Ƕ½ĵˣǶңôһĴڣҿϲм򲻽̬ 
εעһӣʧķҺѾ߳˵͹ȣĴ磬̫ӸҲѵõʱʱҽ̸ϼ䡣һԲĺžơ 
һǿʼ 
ĻڻʺĴӵµֻۡ 
Ŀգһδ˥סΪӵʾ֭ıﻮǧĵýɽոһͻǽ 
սպͬʱʯĳĶӾڻĶĻλˣˣǻʶʱÿˣôѽ 
Ҵ׿ĸ۹ﶴһС 
׿ǰȥ밲 
ߵеʧңȥƻ˸ͷܶĵط̫ӵİȫʱʱôġ 
һ̣ˡ 



£ 
ľʱѾڵ۵βˡ 
ҲŵĿԼеķذףȾѪ 
ϵѪ 
ԭ˷Ǳܡ 
ǱȻ𻨻Ҫһ˻ϵࡣȹ¡Ѿˡ 
е˱ 
ţܵġ׿סǵΧ 
ŷ磬ŵվǿβϡ 
Ƕ𾪵Ŀ⿴ҡ˭óѾʯٵģӲˣҲӡ 
ֻǿһΨһҲڻŵˡ 
ӽҹԶøλɣ޷Ĩɱ˾Ӷǧ 
ƽĿң֪Ҳ֪ˡ 
ҳǿ֤Υ׵İ壬ӵ˼װϣӵĽ¡ 
ʱԤ̻ʼȼˡ 
ƾ˵ģģʵģõġ 
һ꣬׷īգһڲãصÿ䡣 
ҸԼĺݺݵģȻġ 
ҵĿҲû뿪ӡ֪һҶˣҽʹһ˺ۣԶϡ 
ȫڰǰҿĮ۾ƵǵĹâҰĵı۾ҵĿѾﵽˡ 


ߣţɻ֯Ůϻ̻ɫ̻ɵúһĸߣȻ䵽ϣֲǲ⻹ǻ⣬һ̣񻰣ϣ̻ԶҪʧ 


β 
ʮ꾩ڵһգ˭֪ľ֮𣬴εĻҹʮ̡ˡ 
̻˵۾Ǵ̿͵óˣǿϧѽô̻ôĻϡ 
ڣ̫ӿȶ֡ 
ǡ 
Ϣͨʿ˵ţ̿͵أ̫ӷǳεжҲ̫Ѳ˸ϵзǳִ֤̫ûչ涨ʬգǽͻ˽ϡǴ̿͵Ĺ硣 




